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Research Methodology
Definition and concept of research, objectives of research, importance of research. Types of Research- Descriptive vs. Analytical, Applied vs. Fundamental, Quantitative vs. Qualitative, Conceptual vs. Empirical, Historical, Longitudinal Research.
Research Approaches, Significance of Research.
Meaning, Need and Characteristics of a good research design. Identification of a Research problem. Selection of a Research problem. Hypothesis- purpose, characteristics, types and criteria of hypothesis. Variables- Meaning and Concept, Types of variables.
Observation, Interview, Questionnaires and Schedules, their construction, Technique of data collection, Scrutiny of data accuracy of measurements, testing of a questionnaire.
Purpose of scaling techniques, Types of scales- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio scales.
Sampling- Meaning of census and sample. Characteristics of a good sample, Need for sample, Types of samples based on Probability and Non-Probability sampling.
Probability Sampling- Idea of Simple Random Sampling, Stratified and Cluster sampling, Non- Probability Sampling- Purposive and Quota sampling.
Format of research report, presentation, footnote- endnote, bibliography, references.
1. Badarkar, P.L. and Wilkinson T.S. (2000), Methodology and Techniques of Social Research, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai
2. Kothari , C.R.( Second Edition), Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, Wishwa Publication, New Delhi.
1. Bhatnagar, G.L., Research Methods and Measurements in Behavioural and Social Sciences, Agri. Cole Publishing Academy, New Delhi, 1990.
2. Dwivedi, R.S.(1997), Research Methods in Behavioural Sciences, Macmillan India, Delhi, 1997.
3. Agarwal, J.C., Educational Research- An Introduction, Arya Book Depot, New Delhi.
4. Best, J.W., Research in Education, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
5. Chandra, S.S. and Sharma, R.K., Research in Education, Atlantis Publishers, New Delhi.
